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Cherry blossom

Prunus serrulata and Prunus ร— yedoensis

V Written by Editorial Team Edited by Vladimir· Updated August 2026

Cherry blossom is the spring flower of ornamental cherry trees, grown for bloom and not for fruit. People plant them and travel for them because a whole row opens within the same few days, because the flowers come out ahead of the leaves, so a tree in bloom carries almost no green, and because the show is short enough to feel like an event. The name covers several Asian species, so the pink tree in one park is a different cherry from the white one down the street.

Here you will find which cherries are worth telling apart, how to spot one against a magnolia or a crabapple, when the flowers open where you live, how long the bloom holds, where to see them, how to plant one and keep it alive, whether it is a danger to a dog or a horse, and what the flower means.

Yoshino cherry trees in full bloom leaning over a still city basin at misty dawn
returns in
191
days
Bloom calendar

Cherry blossom

Prunus serrulata and Prunus ร— yedoensis
Ornamental cherry trees grown for a short, heavy spring bloom, opening earlier in the South and later in the North, in white through deep rose.
Blooms
Mar to Apr
USDA zones
Sargent 4 to 7, 'Kanzan' 5 to 9
Colorstap a color to see more flowers in it
PinkWhite
At a glance
LightFull sun, 6 hours or more
WaterKeep roots moist, not dry
SoilWell drained, pH 6.0 to 7.5
Height30 to 40 ft, Yoshino
SpreadOften 30 to 40 ft, Yoshino
Lifespan15 to 20 years, some 30 to 40
Bloom lengthAbout a week per tree
PropagateGrafted onto understock
FruitMost cultivars set none
DeerDamage reported, protect it
Pet safety
๐ŸฑCatsToxic
๐ŸถDogsToxic
๐ŸดHorsesToxic
Stems, leaves and seeds toxic (ASPCA), worst while wilting
General guidance, not veterinary advice.
Data NPS ยท Missouri BG ยท NC State ยท Clemson ยท UMD Extension ยท ASPCA
* figures vary by variety and region.
yourflowersguide.com
On this page 29 sections
01

Cherry blossom bloom time across the US

Interactive map

Interactive map of the United States coloured by when cherry blossom blooms, gold in the south through to deep purple in the northSee the interactive map

Drag the date and the bloom moves north across the country. Every point has its own window, and the map says where it has no records rather than guessing. Free, with nothing to sign up for. Open the cherry blossom map.

City by city

Typical window, earliest first. Cultivars of the same flower can open days or weeks apart.

Houston, TXFeb 18 – Mar 25marginal winter chill
Dallas, TXMar 1 – Apr 5
Atlanta, GAMar 6 – Apr 10
Nashville, TNMar 13 – Apr 17
Portland, ORMar 17 – Apr 21
Seattle, WAMar 18 – Apr 22
Washington, DCMar 18 – Apr 22
Kansas City, MOMar 19 – Apr 23
St. Louis, MOMar 19 – Apr 23
Philadelphia, PAMar 22 – Apr 26
New York, NYMar 23 – Apr 27
Denver, COMar 27 – May 1colder than the zone-6 reading ยท high ground, no anchors up here
Chicago, ILMar 29 – May 3
Detroit, MIMar 30 – May 4
Boston, MAMar 30 – May 4
Minneapolis, MNApr 1 – May 6colder than the zone-6 reading
San Francisco, CAnot enough winter chill
Los Angeles, CAnot enough winter chill
Phoenix, AZnot enough winter chill
Miami, FLnot enough winter chill
02

What a cherry blossom is, and how it differs from a fruiting cherry

A cherry blossom is the flower of an ornamental cherry, a tree in the genus Prunus grown for its spring display. The genus holds about 200 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, and the same genus supplies cherry, plum, apricot, nectarine and peach. Ornamental flowering fruit trees are closely related to the orchard trees and many of them do bear edible fruit, but they are grown mainly for the spring flowers and the shape of the tree. That is the difference people ask about: an orchard cherry is selected for what you eat in July, an ornamental cherry for what opens in April. The trees planted for blossom in the United States were bred for blooms, and most cultivars of the Japanese flowering cherry bear no fruit at all. A few do set small cherries in summer, too sour for people but eaten by birds.

More than one East Asian tree stands behind the name. Prunus serrulata, the Japanese flowering cherry, is native to East and South China, Japan and Korea, and the cherry blossom is the national flower of Japan. The Yoshino, the tree most Americans picture, is a hybrid first noticed in Tokyo about 1872 and known there as Somei-yoshino. Its parentage and origin are unknown, and every Yoshino is a grafted plant, which is part of why a whole avenue of them opens on the same morning. Higan cherry is a naturally occurring Japanese hybrid, and the true hybrid is rarely sold in commerce. Sargent cherry, also called North Japanese hill cherry, carries shiny reddish-brown bark and pink flowers in two to four flowered clusters that open before the leaves. Not every famous cultivar came out of Asia: 'Okame' was bred in England by Captain Collingwood Ingram, who crossed Prunus incisa with Prunus campanulata to get the hot pink flowers of one parent without the cold sensitivity that came with them.

The American story starts in 1912, when planting cherry trees in Washington began as a gift of friendship from the people of Japan to the people of the United States, and 3,020 trees of twelve varieties arrived on March 26 of that year, 1,800 of them Somei-Yoshino. The scions had been cut in December 1910 from the collection along the Arakawa River in Adachi Ward near Tokyo and grafted onto understock grown in Itami City in Hyogo Prefecture, so the Tidal Basin trees trace back to a single Japanese collection. Japan sent a second gift of 3,800 Yoshinos in 1965, many of them planted on the Washington Monument grounds, and between 2002 and 2006 four hundred trees propagated from the surviving 1912 trees were planted so the original genetic line continues. About 3,800 cherry trees grow in the park today, and Yoshino and Kwanzan are the two most common types.

03

When cherry blossoms bloom

Flowering cherries bloom in early spring, and Yoshino, the tree everything else is timed against, blooms March to April. In Washington, where the bloom is watched most closely, the National Park Service defines peak bloom as the day 70 percent of the Yoshino blossoms are open, and that day most often falls between the last week of March and the first week of April, with recorded extremes of March 15 in 1990 and April 18 in 1958. Warmth pulls the date forward and cold holds it back, and cold winters favor a good bloom while warmth followed by snow and freeze does the damage. A late frost on March 14 to 16, 2017 cost roughly half the Yoshino blossoms at the Tidal Basin.

How far your own date sits from Washington depends mostly on latitude. Cherry trees in New England open some 20 days later than the capital, and in Georgia, Tennessee and Texas a week and a half to two weeks earlier. In Japan the spread is wider still, with blossoms opening as early as January on Okinawa and as late as May on Hokkaido, while Tokyo, Kyoto and Osaka run to late March or early April. Year to year the start of that season typically shifts by plus or minus one week, and mild weather in the weeks before it brings the flowers forward. The long trend in the Brooklyn collection is for the trees to blossom a little earlier each year, which the garden attributes to climate change.

Within one town the season runs as a sequence spread over weeks, which is the answer to whether April is too late. 'Okame' opens its mildly fragrant rosy pink flowers before the other cherries, early enough that a late freeze can harm them. Weeping Japanese cherry flowers about a week before the Yoshinos, and Yoshino opens alongside Akebono, a mutation of it with single pale pink blossoms that flowers at the same time. Kwanzan comes into bloom two weeks after Yoshino, and the latest cultivars, usually 'Kanzan' and 'Ukon', close a season that runs about a month from the earliest bloomer to the last. A few trees chosen from different ends of that order will hold flower in one garden for weeks.

One Yoshino cherry branch showing green buds, pink florets and open flowers against a pale spring sky
04

Cherry blossom season city by city

Bloom windows for the American places that publish them, with the regional offset from Washington where a city keeps no window of its own.

Washington, DC
Peak bloom
Last week of March to first week of April
Extremes on record
March 15 to April 18
The South: Georgia, Tennessee, Texas
Against Washington
A week and a half to two weeks earlier
Macon, Georgia
Largest concentration of cherry trees of any US county, close to one hundred times the National Mall
Dallas, Texas
Peak cherry bloom
Mid-March
Trees
150 flowering cherries in one city garden
Brooklyn, New York
In flower
Daily from late March through early May
Why it runs long
42 cultivars opening in sequence
New England
Against Washington
Some 20 days later
Late frost
Can stop the trees blooming at all
05

How long cherry blossoms last

One tree blooms for about a week, and a whole grove blooms and drops in about two. On the Tidal Basin the Yoshinos bloom for several days, cool calm weather stretches the display, and a rainy windy day ends it abruptly. Published figures disagree, 2 to 3 weeks of white flower against the several days recorded at the Tidal Basin. In Japan the sequence is counted more plainly: full bloom arrives about one week after the first blossoms open, and about a week after that the petals are falling, with strong wind and rain cutting it shorter still. The word for that ending is hanafubuki, the blizzard of falling petals.

Buds give warning before any of it starts, passing through five recorded stages, green bud, florets visible, extension of florets, peduncle elongation and puffy blossoms, and at that last stage pink blossoms are visible erupting from the wide green bases of each node on the twig. Flower form changes the answer as well, since double-flowered cherries hold their bloom longer than single-flowered ones, while Yoshino flowers can be damaged by late frosts or very windy conditions. Color moves while the flowers are open, many cherries dark pink in bud, lighter pink as they open and pale pink or white by the end. Across a mixed planting the whole season stretches about a month from the earliest cultivar to the latest, even though any single tree may hold bloom for only a week or two.

Cherry petals blowing from half-bare branches across a small-town square on a windy spring afternoon
06

Types of cherry blossom trees worth telling apart

Nearly every flowering cherry sold in the United States is a grafted cultivar, so the label on the trunk decides the size, the flower and the week it opens. Cherry species carry five petals naturally, while cultivars bred for fuller blossoms carry many more, as many as 28 on a 'Kanzan', which is the difference between a tree that reads white from the road and one that reads solid pink.

Yoshino cherry tree portrait with a broad spreading crown of white-pink single flowers in a park meadow
Yoshino cherry
Fragrant
30 to 40 ft tall and wide, zones 5 to 8
White, sometimes tinged pink, March to April
Single, in clusters of 2 to 5, almond-scented
Kwanzan cherry with dense double deep pink flowers and bronze new leaves in a vase-shaped crown
'Kanzan', sold as Kwanzan
No fruit
25 to 30 ft tall and wide, vase shape
Deep pink double flowers to 2.5 in, 20 to 30 petals, April
Sterile, sets no fruit
Okame cherry with small bright pink early flowers on bare branches against a cold blue sky
'Okame'
Fall color
15 to 25 ft tall, 15 to 20 ft wide
Mildly fragrant rosy pink, five petals, opens before the other cherries
Bronzy red to bright orange to red in fall in colder zones
Higan cherry Autumnalis with sparse pale pink semi-double flowers on a grey November morning
'Autumnalis' Higan cherry
Blooms in fall too
20 to 35 ft, rounded symmetrical crown
Semi-double pink, heavy in spring and sparse in fall
Opens sporadically during warm winter spells
Hardy in zones 4 to 8
Weeping Higan cherry with cascading branches of pale pink flowers on a village green in morning sidelight
Weeping Higan, sold as 'Pendula'
Weeping
20 to 40 ft with a round-flattened weeping crown
Pink or white single flowers in early spring
Buy it in flower to be sure of the color
Sargent cherry with deep pink single flowers and glossy mahogany bark at a northern lake cottage in April
Sargent cherry
Coldest hardy
20 to 30 ft, less often to 45
Pink flowers in clusters of 2 to 4 before the leaves
Hardy in zones 4 to 7
Poor south of zone 7 in heat and humidity
Akebono cherry with soft pink single flowers on a hillside street as morning fog lifts
Akebono
Yoshino mutation
A mutation of Yoshino with single pale pink blossoms, flowering at the same time
Introduced by W. B. Clarke of California in 1920
Shirofugen cherry with double white flowers aging pink beside bronze leaves on a shaded garden path
'Shirofugen'
Double white
25 ft tall and wide, double white unscented flowers late in the season
Crimson young leaves, pink buds opening white
Fugenzo cherry with large double rose-pink flowers under a bright overcast sky on an arboretum lawn
Fugenzo
Double rose pink, about 30 petals, up to 2 in across
Pendulous clusters of 4 to 6, lightening but never white
One of the oldest cultivated cherry trees in Japan
Ukon cherry with pale yellow-green double flowers against a dark yew hedge in soft light
'Ukon'
Green tinted
Large semi-double flowers, yellowish-white to light green with a pink center
Bronze young leaves
Ages from greenish yellow to white to pink
One of the last cultivars to bloom
Shogetsu cherry with long-stalked double white-pink flowers hanging over a stone path in afternoon light
'Shogetsu'
Wider than tall
15 ft tall with a wider spread, double pale pink flowers late in the season
A poor choice for coastal gardens in South Carolina
Taiwan cherry with hanging bell-shaped deep crimson-pink flowers in a Gulf Coast yard in February
Taiwan cherry
Coastal Plains
20 to 25 ft tall, spreading nearly as wide
Bright pink, among the first to open in late winter, and frost can injure buds that open too far
07

Is that a cherry? Telling the spring blossom trees apart

Several trees get called cherry every April, and the tell is rarely the petal. Bark direction, flower size and the count of parts in the middle of the flower settle it faster than color does, and a magnolia in full flower is the one most often mistaken for a cherry from a car window.

Saucer magnolia with large cup-shaped pink and white flowers on bare branches in a front yard
Magnolia
Flower size ends the argument: magnolia blossoms run four to five inches across while cherry blossoms are about an inch or two. Magnolia bark carries vertical fissures where cherry bark runs horizontal.
Flowering crabapple with pink buds opening white in clusters among green leaves on a suburban lawn
Crabapple or ornamental pear
Pale bark with vertical fissures, nothing like the cherry's glossy reddish brown, and in the middle of the flower a cherry has a single style where a crabapple has five.
Peach blossom with pink flowers sitting directly on bare branches in an orchard row at sunrise
Apricot, peach or nectarine
Their blossoms all resemble cherry and may be white or pink depending on the cultivar, so read the trunk: cherry bark is thin, smooth, reddish-brown and glossy with prominent horizontal lenticels.
A Kwanzan cherry in deep pink double bloom beside a Yoshino already in green leaf at a park edge
Yoshino against Kwanzan, out of flower
Kwanzan has strong, steeply ascending branches and wart-like leaf glands held apart from the blade about 80 to 90 percent of the time, while Yoshino has a broader canopy with 70 to 80 percent of its glands touching the blade.
08

Where to see cherry blossoms in the United States

Going to see cherry blossoms means picking a place and a week, and the week is the harder half. A public planting is built from a few cultivars that open in order, so a park is white before it is pink and is never entirely in flower at once. The Tidal Basin in Washington is the largest single draw, with eleven species of flowering cherry ringing the water and some 1.5 million people arriving during the spring celebration. Yoshino carries the peak there and Kwanzan comes into bloom two weeks behind it, which is why the water reads white first and turns pink after the crowds thin. One group rewards a walk away from the shoreline: the Usuzumi cherries in West Potomac Park came from a tree more than 1,400 years old in Gifu Prefecture that Japan declared a National Treasure in 1922, and their single white flowers turn grey as they age.

Timing a visit is a matter of watching, since a bloom date cannot be forecast more than 10 days ahead and the flowers follow the weather. That leaves two workable habits: book late and accept the risk, or go where the season is long because the collection was planted to run in relay. Brooklyn Botanic Garden is the second kind, and its two weeping higan cherries at the north end of Cherry Walk survive from the original 1921 planting and are among the oldest specimens in North America. Making an event of the bloom is an American habit as well as a Japanese one, and the first festival was held in Washington in 1935, to honor Japan's gift of some 3,000 trees.

Cherry trees in bloom along a wide urban basin at blue hour with lights reflected on the water
09

What cherry blossoms mean

Cherry blossom stands for the fleeting, and the short bloom is the reason. In Japan flowering cherries, with their short blooming period, symbolize the ephemeral, and they are more likely to be planted in parks than in gardens, because hanami is a public picnic held under the trees. Those outdoor parties have been held since the late eighth century, and the flowers have long served as spiritual metaphors and a reminder to live in the present moment. The tree is the national flower of Japan and carries associations of life, good health and happiness. Flowering cherries are not traditional Japanese garden plants, and conifers, maples, azaleas and mosses are all far more common in the gardens themselves. In the United States a second reading sits on top of the first, since the Washington planting began as a gift of friendship between two peoples, which is why the big American plantings belong to cities and parks. The color readings, the poetry and the tattoo tradition are set out under cherry blossom meaning.

A fallen cherry blossom cluster resting on moss and wet stone in a quiet garden in soft rain
10

Height and spread

Flowering cherries are small to medium trees, and the number that decides the site is the spread, which on the largest of them matches the height. Yoshino sets the benchmark at 30 to 40 feet tall and 30 to 40 feet wide. Published widths for that one tree disagree by a wide margin, from 20 to 50 feet, with 24 to 60 feet of space asked for at planting, up to a potential 40 to 50 feet tall and wide, though most trees stay smaller. Take the wide end as the planning figure, because a cherry given half its mature width grows into a wall, a drive or a neighbor's fence, and a cherry is not a tree that takes hard cutting back. The Japanese flowering cherry sold under that name is about half the size at 15 to 25 feet tall and 15 to 25 feet wide, upright, wide spreading or weeping depending on which cultivar carries the label. Before digging, read the mature width and check what is already standing inside it.

A mature Yoshino cherry spreading wider than a two-story house beside it, street view at midday
11

Light

A flowering cherry wants full sun, which for this tree means six or more hours of direct sunlight a day. It will live in light shade and it will not flower well there, so a tree in full leaf with a thin scatter of blossom is usually a tree that lost its light to something taller. Far south the balance shifts a little: 'Okame' needs full sun but prefers filtered sun in the afternoon in the southern part of South Carolina, and it still blooms well in the Coastal Plains.

A cherry tree in full sun on an open hillside yard with hard midday shadows and a dense bloom
12

Water

Keep the roots of a cherry moist, because the tree does not tolerate a prolonged drought even though it handles heat and humidity. Yoshino carries that same split, comfortable in a humid summer and quick to suffer in a dry one, and regular irrigation through an extended drought is one of the habits that keeps disease and insect problems down on ornamental cherries. Wet ground is the more expensive mistake: the soil-borne diseases behind gradual yellowing and summer leaf drop, Phytophthora root rot and Verticillium wilt, are more common on wet soils.

A young cherry tree in a wide mulch ring in a new lawn after rain, bark and mulch dark with water
13

Soil and pH

Ornamental cherry trees grow well in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Texture matters less than drainage: Yoshino handles clay, loam, sand and shallow rocky ground provided the water moves through, while the Japanese flowering cherry prefers a moist, well-drained loam, wants good air circulation to keep disease risk down and will not tolerate poorly drained ground. Published advice on feeding splits in two: one position is adequate irrigation during extended drought and regular springtime fertilizer applications, the other is to fertilize only if a soil test shows a nutrient deficiency and to adjust pH only if the testing lab recommends it. In a lawn, mulch out as far as the limbs reach, because mowers and string trimmers easily damage the thin bark, and keep broadleaf weed killers away from the root zone.

14

USDA hardiness: can you grow one where you live?

Cherry blossom trees grow across most of the United States, and the zone that matters is the one printed on the tree you buy. Sargent cherry is the coldest hardy of the common flowering cherries at zones 4 to 7, 'Autumnalis' Higan cherry is rated 4 to 8, and 'Kanzan' carries the widest range of them at zones 5 to 9. Yoshino is usually given as zones 5 to 8, listed elsewhere as 5a through 8b, and in one place as hardy only to zone 6. 'Okame' carries the same kind of split, rated zones 6 to 8 in one place and hardy to zones 5 and 6 in another. In the coldest gardens the list comes down to those first two.

Heat and humidity set the other boundary. Sargent cherry is somewhat intolerant of both and generally does not grow well south of zone 7, while Yoshino tolerates heat and humidity though not drought, and Higan cherry has better tolerance for summer heat and winter cold than most flowering cherries. On the coast the ranking changes again: in South Carolina 'Kwanzan', 'Shirotae' and 'Shogetsu' are poor selections for coastal areas while 'Okame' blooms well even in the Coastal Plains, and Taiwan cherry suits the Coastal Plains as well. Surviving a zone is not the same as flowering in it, and what costs a bloom is warmth followed by snow and freeze.

Cherry blossoms rimmed with frost at sunrise in a cold northern yard with white grass
15

Planting a cherry blossom tree

Plant a flowering cherry in an open site with full sun, or at least six to eight hours of sunlight each day, in ground that drains and sits between pH 6.0 and 7.5. Leave air on every side of it, because crowded trees trap humidity and keep their leaves wet for a longer period of time. Mulch after planting, no more than 2 to 3 inches deep and held 6 inches clear of the base of the trunk, which is what prevents vole damage, borer problems and trunk diseases. Water whenever the week has brought less than an inch of rain, keeping soil moisture even through the first seasons. Where winters bring deep snow, wrap the lower trunk in hardware cloth and run it 2 to 3 inches below soil level, since voles girdle and kill a young cherry by feeding at the base.

The other half of the job is buying a tree worth planting. The cheap weeping cherries sold at home improvement stores are usually weeping higan branches grafted onto a straight cherry trunk cut off at five feet, and they are often weak and unhealthy before they ever reach a garden. Poor planting stock sits on the same list as drought, physical damage to the trunk and compacted or poorly drained soil, and anything on that list encourages insect problems, borers above all, and disease. Read the first two seasons with that in mind, because most problems on a tree in the ground under two years are not caused by a disease or an insect. The likelier causes are the dull ones: planting too deeply, too much mulch, compacted soil, root damage from digging around the roots, drought and excessive rainfall.

A newly planted young cherry tree with a mulch ring and two stakes in a lawn on an October afternoon
16

Which cherry blossom tree fits your yard

Five questions settle which flowering cherry belongs in a given yard, and they answer best in this order, because cold and space rule out more trees than color ever does. Where none of the answers lands on a cherry, the wider catalog of flower types covers what else fills the same weeks.

Which cherry blossom tree fits the yard
Answer in order
1
Start with your winter.
Zone 4 narrows the list to two, 'Autumnalis' Higan cherry at zones 4 to 8 and Sargent cherry at zones 4 to 7. Zone 9 narrows it to 'Kanzan'. Everything else lives between those ends.
2
Measure the space before you fall for a flower.
Yoshino and 'Kanzan' both want the footprint of a shade tree. Where the space is a front yard or a strip beside a drive, the short list is 'Okame' or 'Shogetsu'.
3
Pick the week you want flowers.
'Okame' opens ahead of the others, and 'Shirofugen' and 'Shogetsu' close the season. 'Autumnalis' answers both ends, with a heavy bloom of semi-double pink in spring and a sparse second bloom in fall.
4
Decide how much nursing you are willing to do.
Higan cherries are among the most heat, cold and stress tolerant of all the cherries and longer lived than most, with good disease resistance. Sargent cherry resists most pests, though its foliage may scorch in full sun in hot summer conditions. The rest of the list asks for more attention than either.
5
Settle the small print: fruit and fall color.
'Kanzan' is sterile and produces no fruit at all, which matters over a patio or a walk. For autumn, Yoshino foliage turns yellow with bronze tints, Sargent cherry turns shades of red, and 'Okame' turns bronzy red to bright orange to red in the colder zones of its range.
17

How flowering cherries are propagated, and how long they live

Flowering cherries are multiplied by grafting, which is why every tree of one cultivar flowers like the last. 'Kanzan' is sterile and produces no fruit at all, so there is no seed to collect even for a gardener who wanted to try, and nursery trees are worked onto a separate understock, sometimes top grafted at the 4 to 6 foot level so the flowering head sits on a straight trunk grown by a different plant. Two things follow for an owner: growth rising from the base or from the bare trunk belongs to the understock, so it never turns into the tree on the label, and a failing cherry cannot be started again from its own suckers the way a shrub can. The short life these trees are known for has as much to do with their wood as with their genetics, since the bark is thin and easily damaged, the trunk is prone to splitting, and the Japanese flowering cherry is listed as a tree that can be short-lived on exactly those grounds. Higan cherry is the exception, among the most heat, cold and stress tolerant of all the cherries and longer lived than most.

Rows of young grafted cherry whips with visible graft unions in a nursery field in spring
18

Pruning without losing next spring

Prune a flowering cherry as little as possible, and prune it straight after it flowers. Pruning is seldom necessary except to remove dead or diseased wood, or crossing branches that rub against each other, and those crossing or rubbing branches should be cut immediately after flowering so the following year's flower display is not reduced, while dead or diseased wood can come out at any time of year. The same timing is given elsewhere, prune after flowering if pruning is needed at all, with the note that these trees generally require little pruning. Nothing here calls for shaping cuts or a shortened crown. The gains are worth having: pruning improves air circulation within the tree, which reduces the potential for foliar diseases, it improves tree strength and induces branching, and it removes dead or broken branches that would otherwise encourage disease and insect problems. Water sprouts and root suckers come out as well, whenever they appear.

Bare winter branch structure of a Kwanzan cherry in a front yard with snow patches and low sun
19

Pests and diseases of flowering cherries

Borers are the pest that kills flowering cherries outright. Peachtree borer larvae grow into thick-bodied grubs about an inch long with brown heads that burrow through the inner bark at or just below the base of the tree, where one borer can kill a small tree and two or more may kill a larger one. Gummosis, the oozing of sap from wounds caused by borers, mechanical injury, stress or cankers, is the sign to read, and disease gummosis is told apart from insect and mechanical damage because it carries no sawdust or pieces of bark mixed into the sap. Beyond borers the list is long, with aphids, scales, spider mites, leafhoppers, caterpillars, Japanese beetles and tent caterpillars on the insect side, and dieback, leaf curl, root rot, fire blight, leaf spot, twig cankers, black knot, galls and powdery mildew among the diseases.

Black knot appears as black, gnarled swellings along twigs and branches, easiest to find after the leaves drop in fall and through winter, and the answer is to prune out and dispose of the infected wood below the visible damage. Brown rot is a fungal infection that attacks flowering cherries, 'Kwanzan' in particular, later in spring just as the flowers are starting to fade. Cherry shot hole disease punches tiny round holes about an eighth of an inch across in the leaves, runs worse through a wet spring, and finishes with leaves turning yellow and falling early, which is the sequence behind the common complaint of a young cherry standing nearly bald by late summer.

20

What actually goes wrong, ranked

Ranked by how often each came up across forty-nine gardener threads, a sample that leans to one large gardening forum and was counted from thread titles. Two groups sit outside the ranking: ten threads asking which cherry to buy and how large it grows, which is a purchase question, and three on when to prune, which the pruning section answers.

Dieback, decline and a weeping cherry going backwards

Eleven threads, the largest group, weeping forms most of all. What the threads describe: branches that leaf out thin or not at all, bare limbs in a canopy that looked sound the year before. Management: start with the nonliving causes, since drought, excessive rainfall, weather extremes, low sunlight, compacted soil, planting too deeply, too much mulch and root damage account for a large share of the problems on these trees; check the base for borers, where one grub can kill a small tree; look for cankers, which enter through insect feeding, lawnmower wounds, frost cracks or hail damage; and white, fan-shaped fungal mats between the bark and the wood mean Armillaria root rot, with infected trees tending to collapse in mid-summer.

No flowers on a tree that looks healthy

Nine threads. What the threads describe: full leaf and few or no blooms, sometimes a scatter of flowers low on the tree and nothing in the top half. Management: rule out the weather first, since a late frost can prevent the trees from blooming at all, then work down the checks that follow.

Deer, voles and rubbed bark

Six threads. What the threads describe: bark stripped low on the trunk, torn twigs, a newly planted tree rocked loose after a buck has worked it over. Management: ornamental flowering fruit trees may need protection from deer, with hardware cloth used to loosely enclose the trunk and commercial repellents rotated where deer pressure is heavy.

Leaves that yellow and drop through summer

Four threads. What the threads describe: foliage yellowing gradually and dropping in summer. Management: scrape a little bark and look underneath, because browning tissue points to Phytophthora root rot or Verticillium wilt, both more prevalent on wet soils.

Sap oozing at the base of the trunk

Two threads. What the threads describe: amber gum at or just below ground level, often with sawdust-like grit in it. Management: gum carrying frass is borer work, and the gum itself is produced by the tree as a defensive response to the injury.

21

Why a cherry blossom tree stops blooming

Bloom failure on an established cherry is almost always weather, light or a badly timed cut, in that order. Work down these checks before treating the tree for anything.

Why a cherry blossom tree is not blooming
Work down the list
1
Did frost or hard wind arrive after the buds swelled?
Flowers can be damaged by late frosts or very windy conditions. A tree that leafs out normally after losing its bloom is not sick, and the following spring usually returns to form.
2
How many hours of direct sun does the site get now?
Flowering cherries tolerate light shade, but best flowering is in full sun. A tree slowly shaded out by the neighbors it was planted with grows well and blooms thinly, which is the pattern behind complaints that the display shrinks a little every year.
3
When was it last pruned, and by whom?
Crossing or rubbing branches are cut immediately after flowering precisely so the following year's flower display is not reduced. Wood taken off in late winter or early spring carries that spring's flower buds away with it, which is why a tidy-up before bloom often costs the bloom.
4
Has it been fed on guesswork?
Fertilize only if a soil test indicates a nutrient deficiency, and adjust soil pH only if the testing lab recommends it.
5
Is anything stressing the trunk or the roots?
Anything that stresses a cherry, drought, physical damage to the trunk, compacted or poorly drained soil, defoliation, winter damage or poor planting stock, encourages insect and disease problems.
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Toxicity and pet safety

Cherry is toxic to pets, and the danger sits in the parts nobody plants the tree for. The ASPCA lists cherry, meaning the genus Prunus as a whole, as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, with cyanogenic glycosides as the toxic principle. The stems, leaves and seeds contain cyanide and are particularly toxic in the process of wilting, and the clinical signs recorded are brick red mucous membranes, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, panting and shock. The warning is not limited to one species, since the leaves, stems and seeds of the Japanese flowering cherry carry the same caution for cats, dogs and horses. What the lists name is stems, leaves and seeds, so a lawn covered in fallen blossom is a different matter from a pile of prunings by the fence.

Small dark inedible fruits of an ornamental cherry among green leaves in June
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Do cherry blossoms smell of anything?

Cherry blossom scent is faint at best, and on many cultivars there is none at all. Yoshino is the one usually described as fragrant, with flowers carrying a slight almond fragrance. Past that the sources disagree: 'Kwanzan' is called showy, unscented and double pink in the same listing that calls Yoshino's flowers slightly fragrant, and another marks the Yoshino and 'Okame' flowers as fragrant but not 'Kanzan'. 'Shirotae', sold as Mount Fuji, is described as semi-double, pink and fragrant in early season in one place and as white semi-double flowers that turn pinkish before the petals fall in another, so even the color is contested on that one. None of it competes with a lilac hedge in May, and what scent there is has to be met under the branches.

24

Cherry branches forced indoors

Cutting branches to open indoors is the one way to have cherry blossom before the tree is ready to give it. Forcing can be done as soon as the buds begin to swell in late winter, and cherry sits among the fruit trees suited to it. No published figure times cherry itself, and the trees that are timed run one to three weeks for forsythia and two to four for apple and crabapple, with the wait shortening the closer it gets to the plant's own outdoor flowering.

When to cut
As soon as the buds begin to swell in late winter
Which buds
The larger, rounder, plump ones; smaller narrow pointed buds are leaf buds
The cut
Clean, slanting cuts 1 to 2 feet back from the branch tips
Cutting weather
Above 32 degrees Fahrenheit, or submerge a frozen branch for a few hours first
Indoors
A tall container of water in a dim, cool spot at 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, misted two or three times a day, water changed daily
As buds open
Move the branches to a bright room, out of direct sunlight and cool, to hold the bloom longer
Cut cherry branches opening pale pink flowers in a tall glass vase on a windowsill in late winter light
25

Cherry blossom myths worth dropping

Four beliefs come up almost every time a flowering cherry is bought, and each one leads somewhere costly.

The myth: Cherry blossom trees grow cherries you can eat.

The reality: Some of them fruit, but not for a kitchen. Yoshino follows its flowers with small black cherries about half an inch across, bitter to people and loved by birds, and the fruit of Sargent cherry is bitter and inedible fresh off the tree.

The myth: Straight shoots from the base mean a weeping cherry is reverting and can be trained back.

The reality: Those are water sprouts and root suckers thrown by the understock below the graft, and the standing instruction is to prune them out. Nothing that rises from below the graft will ever weep.

The myth: Flowering cherries are deer resistant.

The reality: Published ratings contradict each other. Yoshino cherry is listed as frequently damaged by deer while the Japanese flowering cherry is tagged deer resistant, and ornamental flowering fruit trees carry a general warning that they may need protection from deer. In deer country, treat a young tree as vulnerable.

The myth: The cherry trees at the Tidal Basin are the original trees Japan sent.

The reality: The line survives; most of the trees do not. Japan sent a second gift of 3,800 Yoshino trees in 1965, many of them planted on the Washington Monument grounds, and four hundred trees propagated from the surviving trees of the first donation were planted between 2002 and 2006 so the original genetic lineage continues.

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What to expect year by year

What the first decade looks like on a flowering cherry planted from a nursery tree.

Year one belongs to the roots. Expect little top growth and a thin scatter of flowers at best, because the tree is spending on establishment, and expect to water it through the first dry spells. Speed arrives after that, and Yoshino's growth rate is rated rapid while its maintenance is rated high.

By the third and fourth spring the canopy reads as a tree and the bloom is worth stopping the car for. A Japanese flowering cherry may put on about 10 feet in 10 years, fast enough that a spacing mistake shows up early and slow enough that nothing needs cutting back to fix it. This is also the stretch when the trunk is most worth protecting, since the bark is still thin and a single mower strike lasts the life of the tree.

The last stretch is where the published numbers stop agreeing. An average of 15 to 20 years is given for the Japanese flowering cherry and for Yoshino, 20 to 25 years is the figure for a tree in a typical landscape, and 30 to 40 years the span reported for most cultivars. Which end of that a given tree reaches is decided mostly by what has hit its trunk over the years.

27

Flower photos

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FAQ

Can you grow a cherry blossom tree in the USA?

Yes, and in most of the country the question is which one. Sargent cherry holds the cold end at zones 4 to 7 and 'Kanzan' the warm end at zones 5 to 9. On the humid coastal south the cultivar matters more than the zone, since 'Kwanzan' and 'Shogetsu' rate as poor selections there while 'Okame' blooms well.

Is there a difference between a cherry tree and a cherry blossom tree?

They are close relatives grown for opposite reasons. Ornamental flowering cherries sit in the same genus as the orchard trees but are grown for the spring flowers and the form of the tree, and most cultivars of the Japanese flowering cherry bear no fruit at all.

Which month is cherry blossom month?

March and April across most of the country. In Washington, where the count is kept, peak most often falls between the last week of March and the first week of April, and where several cultivars are planted together the local season runs about a month from the first to the last.

Is April too late to see cherry blossoms?

Rarely, because the late doubles carry the back half of the season. Kwanzan comes into bloom two weeks after Yoshino, and 'Shirofugen' and 'Shogetsu' flower later still.

Why do cherry blossoms only last two weeks?

The flowers open together and go over together. Full bloom arrives about a week after the first blossoms open and the petals are falling a week after that, and one rainy, windy day ends the display abruptly.

What is the most common type of cherry blossom tree?

Yoshino, by a wide margin wherever the trees are counted. It accounts for roughly 70 percent of the cherries in the Washington park.

What is the prettiest cherry blossom tree?

That is taste, and the two usual answers are opposites. Yoshino carries single white flowers, sometimes tinged pink, in clusters of two to five, while 'Kanzan' carries deep pink double flowers to 2.5 inches across with 20 to 30 petals.

What state has the most cherry blossom trees?

No published count ranks the states. What is on record is the county: Macon-Bibb in Georgia holds the largest concentration of cherry trees of any United States county.

Are cherry blossom trees difficult to grow?

They ask little of the soil and wound easily, which is the whole difficulty. Yoshino is rated a rapid grower with high maintenance, and the bark is thin and easily damaged while the trunk is prone to splitting.

Are cherry blossoms poisonous to dogs?

Yes. Cherry is listed as toxic to dogs, cats and horses, and the risk climbs after a cut, because the stems, leaves and seeds are at their most toxic while wilting. Clear prunings and storm-broken limbs away from where an animal can chew them.

What is so special about cherry blossoms?

The bloom is brief and it happens all at once. In Japan the short flowering period made the tree a symbol of the ephemeral, and the outdoor parties held beneath it since the late eighth century turned the flower into a reminder to live in the present moment.

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Interesting tips

  1. The same tree is sold under a third name, 'Sekiyama', so two benches at one nursery can carry a single cultivar under labels that look like three different trees.
  2. A cherry can be named with no flower on it. Look at the leaf stalk, which carries two or more large wart-like glands near its tip, usually touching the base of the blade or sitting on the lower blade margin.
  3. The bloom forecasts published in Japan track one clone, since the dates refer to Somei Yoshino trees. That is why a single cultivar's calendar stands in for a whole country, and why a garden of mixed cherries keeps its own schedule.

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Written by: Your Flowers Guide editorial team
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